2.1+Who+Was+Involved+In+Cubism?

Cubism** was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in |music and literature. The first branch of cubism, known as //Analytic Cubism//, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1907 and 1911 in France. In its second phase, //Synthetic Cubism,// the movement spread and remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity. English art historian Douglas Cooper describes three phases of Cubism in his seminal book //The Cubist Epoch//. According to Cooper there was "Early Cubism", (from 1906 to 1908) when the movement was initially developed in the studios of Picasso and Braque; the second phase being called "High Cubism", (from 1909 to 1914) during which time Juan Gris emerged as an important exponent; and finally Cooper referred to "Late Cubism" (from 1914 to 1921) as the last phase of Cubism as a radical avant-garde movement.[1] __ [] __
 * //Whos involved in cubism???//

Revolutionary style of painting created by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso in Paris between 1907 and 1914. It was the most radical of the developments that revolutionized art in the years of unprecedented experimentation leading up to World War I, and it changed the course of painting by introducing a new way of seeing and depicting the world. To the cubists, a painting was first and foremost a flat object that existed in its own right, rather than a kind of window through which a representation of the world is seen. Cubism also had a marked, though less fundamental, effect on sculpture, and even influenced architecture and the decorative arts. []

Cubism received its name from the harsh insults art critics lashed out with against the style upon its first exhibition in Paris about 1910. The original Cubist artists were |Pablo Picasso]] (1881-1973) and |Georges Braque]] (1882-1963) who were introduced to each by Guillaume Apollinaire]] who went on to act as spokesman for the Cubist artists. They were joined later by Juan Gris]] (1887-1927), |Jean Metzinger]] (1883-1956), |Fernand Leger]] (1881-1955), |Albert Gleizes]] (1881-1953) and the married couple (1885-1941) and Sonia Delaunay (1885-1979). []

The art movement, Cubism, began in 1908 and strongly influenced art and sculpture in the early 20C. Cubism dissected painted images, then reassembled them as abstract forms. Cubism showed images which could be seen from all angles. Subjects were painted in cube form, hence the name, Cubism. French painters, Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso were foremost in introducing the movement. They worked closely until 1914. By 1910 cubism had become popular and was known as the"Cubist School." Other art movements began and new trends developed. 'Analytical cubism' displayed surfaces closely patterned with incomplete lines, which played the forms against one another. Often the works were painted in the same tone, making it difficult to identify images. Artists left clues, such as a pipe suggested someone smoking; also alphabetic letters, a newspaper or a bottle of wine. []

[|Archipenko, Alexander - 1887 - 1964]

[|Alexander Archipenko : Retrospektive Ausstellung : Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Bildhauerwerke, Sculpto-Peinture, Alexander Archipenko (Ukraine, Kiev, 1887 - 1964), 1921, Printed material] - [|Yellow and Black, Alexander Archipenko (Ukraine, Kiev, 1887 - 1964), 1938, Polychromed terracotta] - [|Alexander Archipenko Coquette lithograph 20th century] - [|Archipenko-Album / Einführungen von Theodor Däubler und Ivan Goll; mit einer Dichtung von Blaise Cendrars, Alexander Archipenko (Ukraine, Kiev, 1887 - 1964), 1921, Printed material]

[|Brancusi, Constantin - 1876 - 1957]

[|Bird in Space, Constantin Brancusi (Romania, Hobitza, Gorj, 1876-02-19 - 1957-03-16), 1927, Polished bronze] - [|Bird in Space, Constantin Brancusi (Romania, Hobitza, Gorj, 1876-02-19 - 1957-03-16), 1925-1926, Polished bronze] - [|Bird In Space, Constantin Brancusi (Romania, Hobitza, Gorj, 1876-02-19 - 1957-03-16), 1920, Gelatin silver print] The Metropolitan Museum of Art - [|Bird in Space, 1923 Constantin Brancusi (French, born Romania, 1876-1957)Marble; (with base) H. 56-3/4, Diam.]

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Cubism was a highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created principally by the painters [|Pablo Picasso] and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature. Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously.

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Although Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso are credited with creating the new visual language of Cubism, it was taken up (from the synthetic phase onwards) and developed further by numerous painters, such as Juan Gris (1887-1927), as well as Fernand Léger (1881-1955), who are considered the third and fourth Cubists. Indeed Cubism had become the dominant avant-garde idiom in Paris as early as 1911, after its proto-type phase and Analytical phase, with painters Robert Delaunay (1885-1941), Albert Gleizes (1881-1953), Roger de La Fresnaye (1885-1925), Jean Metzinger (1883-1956), Francis Picabia (1879-1953) becoming adherents by this time. Other artists experimented with Cubism during its Synthetic phase.

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